Yakajeka, yakaisvonaka uye ine mavara, runako rwegirazi kubva kuQing Dynasty

Girazi reChinese Yakatangira muDzinza reZhou rekumadokero uye yakabudirira muDzinza reQing. Mugore rechi35 rekutonga kwaKangxi (1690), fekitari yegirazi yeHofisi yekuvaka yeQing Palace yakavakwa. Munguva dzeKangxi, Yongzheng, neQianlong, mhizha dzekuChina dzakabatanidza zvinhu zveChinese neWestern kuti dzigadzire mhando yakasiyana yegirazi. Nekudzikira kwesimba renyika muDzinza rekupedzisira reQing, kugadzirwa kwegirazi muQing Palace kwakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, asi huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa zvegirazi zvekuMadokero nekuMabvazuva zvakapinda muGuta Risina Kurambidzwa. Zvishongo zvegirazi zvinoyevedza uye zvinokosha zvedare reQing Dynasty zvishoma nezvishoma zvakatora mavara ezuva nezuva. Mavara akajeka uye maumbirwo akapfuma egirazi reQing Dynasty hazvina kumboitika munhoroondo yegirazi rekuChina.

Kuchenesa bhaketi regirazi rakakuyiwa repepuru rinoonekera panguva yepakati pegore

Chigadziko chegirazi chegirini chinoonekera (chinotaridzika pamberi) pakati pechikamu chekuchenesa

Kuchenesa bhaketi regirazi rinopenya rakakuyiwa pakati pegore

Chigadziko chegirazi repasi chinopenya chine ruvara rwetii (chinoonekwa pamberi) pakati pechikamu chekuchenesa

Bhaketi regirazi repasi rinoonekera rine ruvara rwetii, pakati pechikamu chekuchenesa

Bhuruu Girazi Rinoonekera Chitarisiko cheSikweya Qing Qianlong

Sikweya yegirazi inoonekera yebhuruu (mufananidzo wakadzama) Qing Qianlong

Bhodhoro regirazi rinoonekera rebhuruu, Qing Qianlong

Bhodhoro regirazi rinoonekera rebhuruu remuromo weruva remuromo weruva rebhuruu rakajeka

Bhodhoro regirazi reruva rinoonekera rebhuruu (mufananidzo wakadzama) rakajeka

Ruvara rwebhuruu rwekumadokero Girazi reBhodhoro Muzana remakore rechi19 muEurope

Bhodhoro regirazi reyero reQing Qianlong

Bhodhoro regirazi rechrysanthemum rekumadokero rakaita mapatani kubva kuEurope yezana remakore rechi19

Bhodhoro regirazi rechrysanthemum rinoonekera rekumadokero (mufananidzo wakadzama) muEurope yezana remakore rechi19

Chivharo chegirazi dzvuku rebhanana rakaputirwa neruva reshavishavi rakaita seruva renzeve mbiri Qing Qianlong

Bhodhoro regirazi dzvuku repichi rine mapatani machena, Qing Qianlong

Bhodhoro jena regirazi dzvuku rine mapatani maviri edhiragoni richidzingirira pearl, bhodhoro rechitubu rejade pot rakaita seQing Qianlong

Bhodhoro regirazi rebhuruu rakaita sedhiragoni nebhodhoro rePhoenix, Qing Qianlong

01 Kushanda kwakaomarara kwekuputitsa
"Yanshan Zaji · Liuli" inonyora kuti panguva yeMing Dynasty, kwaive nemidziyo yekufuridza yakaita semarambi emabubble, mabhodhoro ehove, uye maziso aBuddha zvakagadzira "nzvimbo isina chinhu". Zvishongedzo zvejade zveMing Dynasty chete ndizvo zviripo nanhasi. Fomura yegirazi yakaunzwa kubva kuEurope panguva yeQing Dynasty yaibvumira mashandiro akaomarara ekufuridza. Kuwedzera pakufuridza zvinhu zvidiki zvakasununguka, kufuridza mould inzira yakakosha yekugadzira zvinhu zvakaoma. Nyika chubhu yesimbi yekufuridza mugirazi woifuridza mumould. Mushure mekuumba, bvisa mould woipukuta, wowedzerwa nekuveza nekupenda.

Bhodhoro regirazi rinoonekera rebhuruu reQing Yongzheng

Michero yegirazi ine mavara akasiyana-siyana yekuchenesa

Magirazi ane mavara akajeka (mufananidzo wakadzama) akajeka

Bhodhoro regirazi rine mavara mana, Qing Qianlong

02 seti dzegirazi

Kufukidza girazi musanganiswa wetekinoroji yekufukidza girazi netekinoroji yekuveza, neruvara rwepakati pamberi neruvara rwechifukidziro chekunze rwuchazotaurwa nezvarwo. Inogona kukamurwazve muzvikamu zviviri: chimwe ndechekufukidza girazi remonochrome negirazi remonochrome; Nzira yechipiri ndeye "kusanganisa", kunosanganisira kubatanidza zvishoma uye kunyungudutsa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvegirazi zvine mavara pachigadziko, wozozvicheka panzvimbo yacho.

Girazi jena rine mavara maviri rine mapatani ezviremwaremwa uye mvura yakaita semavise, Qing Dynasty Qianlong

Bhodhoro regirazi regirini remhando ye "grasshopper pod" rine mapatani e "snuff" rakajeka

Bhokisi rebhuruu regirazi rebhanana rakamonerwa neruva rakamonerwa nevhasi renzeve mbiri Qing Qianlong

Vhasi rebhuruu regirazi rebhanana rakamonerwa neruva rakamonerwa nemaruva (mufananidzo wakadzama) Qing Qianlong

Chirongo chebhuruu chegirazi chena chine mapatani eruvara rwebhuruu, Qing Qianlong

Girazi rebhuruu rakaputirwa negirazi rebhuruu rakaiswa mapatani elotus (mufananidzo wakadzama) Qing Qianlong

03 Kupenda Girazi

Kupenda negirazi imhando yekupenda inoshandisa girazi senzira yekupinda nayo. Sezvo mufananidzo uri pasi pegirazi, zvinodikanwa kutevedzera kurongeka kwemifananidzo yemavara usati wasanganisa ruvara panguva yekupenda, izvo zvinopesana nemaitiro ekupenda akajairika. Pachikonzero ichi, Qing Dynasty yakagadzira nekukurumidza nzira yekupenda mukati ichishandisa mapeni akakombama, ayo aiwanzoshandiswa mumidziyo midiki yakaita semabhodhoro esnuff.

Kupenda kweMadzimai ekuMadokero Kupenda Magirazi Kuchena

Mufananidzo weGirazi weMadzimai ekuMadokero (Tsanangudzo) Qing

Kupenda Girazi Nekurima Nekuruka

Kupenda Girazi Nekurima Nekuruka (Zvimwe Zvizere) Zvakajeka

04 girazi rakavezwa

Magirazi akavezwa anogona kukamurwa kuita nzira yekuveza madhaimani uye nzira yekuveza mota. Kuchine magirazi mashoma akavezwa edhaimani kubva munguva yeKangxi. Nzira iyi yakatanga muVenice kutanga kwezana remakore rechi16, uko peni yekuveza yakashongedzwa nedhaimani yaishandiswa pamusoro pegirazi pakupenda nekukuya. Munguva yeYongzheng, magirazi akavezwa akawana kurudziro yakawanda kubva kunzira dzekare dzekuveza majade, idzo dzava kunzi "nzira yekuveza ngoro".

Western safaya yebhuruu inoonekera girazi rakavezwa maruva kubva kuEurope yezana remakore rechi19

Bhokisi remaruva rakavezwa negirazi rebhuruu rekumadokero rine ruvara rwebhuruu (mufananidzo wakadzama) muEurope yezana remakore rechi19

Kapu yegirazi rinoonekera rakavezwa neshavishavi ine mapatani, Qing Qianlong

Kapu yakajeka yegirazi yakavezwa neruva nemuchero, ine tsoka refu, yakajeka

Kapu ine maruva nemichero yakavezwa negirazi yakajeka (mufananidzo wakadzama) yakajeka

05 Girazi reGoridhe

Girazi reBaojin rinoreva maitiro ekugadzira mitsetse mitema mitete uye yakafanana pamusoro pemidziyo yegirazi ine monochrome, uye wozoisa guruu regoridhe nefoil mukati memitsetse kuti igadzire magadzirirwo egoridhe. Iyi nzira yakagadzirwa nekutsvaga kurudziro kubva kune tekinoroji ye lacquerware uye ishongedzo yakasiyana yegirazi reQing Dynasty court.

Chitofu chegirazi rebhuruu redenga rakamoneredzwa negoridhe rakakomberedzwa nebazi remhando yetatu Qing Qianlong

Vhasi regirazi rebhuruu redenga rine matavi akaputirwa negoridhe uye mapatani emaruva, Qing Qianlong

06 Girazi reVenus

Girazi reVenus rakatumidzwa zita kubva muzvidimbu zvekristaro zvinopenya nechiedza chegoridhe mukati memuviri waro. Rakatanga kuunzwa serudzi rutsva rwegirazi muVenice muzana remakore rechi15 uye rinonzi "dombo reWendorina" kana kuti "Kashlun" muzvinyorwa zveQing Palace. Mumakore ekutanga ekutonga kweQianlong, mhando iyi yakabudirira kupiswa mufekitori yegirazi ichitungamirirwa nemamishinari. Nekuda kwekuoma kwayo kukuru uye kuoma kwayo kuputira, magirazi mazhinji eVenus aripo anovezwa achishandisa nzira dzekuveza jade, nezvinhu zvishoma zvine zvidimbu zvegirazi reVenus zvakaiswa kunze kwemuviri wesimbi.

Tayi remhangura rakafukidzwa negirazi renyeredzi yegoridhe, chibatiso chepeni yechando, chakajeka

Tayi remhangura rakaiswa chibatiso chepeni yechando chegirazi regoridhe (mufananidzo wakadzama) chakajeka

Kuveza Girazi reVenus Cloud Phoenix Pattern Double Connection Water City Flower Insertion Clear

07 Zvimwe zvisaririra zvetsika zvakanaka kwazvo

Girazi jena, madotsi matsvuku, hari yemaruva, yakajeka

Girazi jena rakaputirwa nesiriki ine mavara uye bhodhoro regirazi rine mapatani akatenderera, Qing Qianlong

Bhodhoro jena regirazi rakamonerwa nechimiro chesiriki rine mavara (mufananidzo wakadzama) Qing Qianlong

Bhodhoro rekupenda maruva neshiri regirazi rinopendwa ne enamel Qing Qianlong

Diancui yakashongedzwa negirazi, dzinza rine patani yaBandai, ruva remusoro, rakajeka

Ruoko rwegirazi dzvuku rwakafukidzwa nechando rweFeixue, rwakajeka

Bhora rakajeka rakavezwa negirazi rakarara shumba richikanda bhora rakajeka

Bhodhoro regirazi rakaputirwa neruvara rwekumadokero, Venice yezana remakore rechi18

Bhodhoro regirazi rakaputirwa nejira rekumadokero rine chivharo chepanzeve chine mavara maviri (mufananidzo wakadzama) Venice yezana remakore rechi18