Whiskey yeScotland: Rwendo Rurefu rwezana remakore kubva pakugadzira doro rechinyakare kusvika pakukura kwenyika

Mavambo uye Mapoka Akakosha Enhoroondo

Whisky yeScotch, yakapfupikiswa seScotch, inoratidza chinzvimbo chayo chinoshamisa. Chinwiwa ichi chemhando yepamusoro chinobikwa nehunyanzvi hwakanyanya hwakapfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa munyika iyi yekare yeScotland, zvichigadzira kuravira kwakasiyana uye kunonaka. Nhaka yayo yenhoroondo yakakura inogona kuteverwa kudzokera kuMing Dynasty muChina makore anopfuura 500 apfuura. Nekufamba kwenguva, whiskey yeScottish yave pfuma inowanikwa nevanhu vanofarira waini pasi rese.

Whiskey yekuScotland inogona kuteverwa kumashure kwemakore anopfuura mazana mashanu, ine nhoroondo refu uye runako rwakasiyana, ruchifadza zvikuru pasi rose.

Kwakatangira Zvinwiwa Zvinodhaka

Doro remalt, serimwe rezvinwiwa zvinodhaka zvekare kare munhoroondo yevanhu, pakutanga raive chinwiwa chinotapira, chine doro shoma, chakaviriswa. Zvisinei, kuti rive whisky inozivikanwa pasi rose nhasi, richiri kuda kupfuura nenguva yakakosha - "distillation". Muzana remakore rechi12 AD, tekinoroji yekudistillation yakaunzwa kuEurope kuburikidza nemaoko evaArabhu vanobva kure kuChina. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, doro rakawandisa rainyanya kushandiswa mune zvehutano, richiparadzirwa nemamongi, uye richiremekedzwa se "mvura yehupenyu". Mvura iyi yemashiripiti yakakurumidza kupararira pakati peveruzhinji nechechi.

Mambo ndiye anotungamira mufashoni wewhisky

Nhoroondo yewhisky yekuScotland inogona kuteverwa kusvika muna 1494, apo Mambo James IV weScotland aida whisky zvakanyanya uye akatotora chikamu mukugadzirwa kwayo. Pachitsuwa cheAire, mumwe mumongi weKaturike ainzi John Corr akatumwa namambo kutenga malt sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye kugadzira whiskey inozivikanwa se "mvura yehupenyu", iyo yakaenzana nemabhodhoro angangoita 1500 nhasi. Kubva ipapo, whiskey yave chinwiwa chehumambo, uye chinzvimbo chayo chiri pachena.

Mutambo wesimba pakati paMambo Su naMambo Ying

Mushure mekufa kwaJames IV, Scotland yakawira pasi pehutongi hwemambo weBritain muna 1513. Henry VIII akaputsa mamongi ekuScotland ndokumanikidza mamongi kuti abve mudzimba dzavo. Mushure mekudzungaira pakati pevanhu, mamongi aya aingogona kuvimba chete nenzira dzekubikisa kuti ararame nekubika whiskey muminda nemapurazi ega. Zvisinei, Paramende yeScotland, ichikurudzirwa nerudo rweveruzhinji rwe whiskey, yakasarudza kuibvumidza. Zvisinei, mumaziso emhuri yehumambo yeBritain, whiskey yeScotland ichiri pamutemo. Kuti iwane chikamu chemusika we whiskey asi isingade kubvumidza kugadzirwa kwayo, mhuri yehumambo yeBritain yakatora nzira yekunyengera pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi18 - kuisa mitero yakawanda pamarita. Iyi nzira yakawedzera kuwedzera hukama hwakasimba pakati peScotland neEngland.

Kuwedzera kwenyika yose kunoshandisa mikana yekare

Muzana remakore rechi19, Britain yakanga yava padanho repamusoro-soro rehupfumi hwenyika. Nemukana uyu, makambani makuru edoro akadai saTommy Dewar, Johnnie Walker, James Chivas, nevamwe vakasundidzira whisky yeScotland kumusika wepasi rose - kubva kuHong Kong yakabatikana kusvika kuHanoi yekare, kubva kuSydney yakabatikana kusvika kuSan Francisco yakabatikana, kubva kuMontreal yakabatikana kusvika kuMumbai yakabatikana, uye kunyange kuCape Town neCape Verde Islands dziri kure. Rwendo rwepasi rose rweScottish whiskey rwatanga, ruchikunda rudo rusingaperi rwevatengi vepasi rose uye rwuchiisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekubudirira kwanhasi.

Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji mushure meHondo Yenyika II

Muna 1938, United States yakava musika mukuru wekutengesa whiskey yeScotland kunze kwenyika. Mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika II, whiskey yakatumidzwa zita rekuti "chinwiwa chenyika yakasununguka," nekuda kwekusimudzirwa kwakapararira muHollywood uye kusvika kweAllies kuEurope, mukurumbira wayo wakawedzera zuva nezuva. Pakazosvika 1970, kugadzirwa kwe whiskey yemalt kwakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri zvichienzaniswa na1960. Nekukura kuri kuita kugadzirwa, madhishi ewhiskey akachinjawo. Tangi re semi-automatic saccharification rakatsiva zvishoma nezvishoma matangi ekare erake and plow saccharification, uye kushanda kwayo zvakanaka uye kushanda kwayo kwekuchenesa kwakawedzera zvakapetwa katatu kushanda zvakanaka. Pamusoro pezvo, madhishi mazhinji akaunzawo ma strils emoto zvakananga uye zvishoma nezvishoma akachinja kuita nzira dzekupisa nemhepo.

Kukwira kwe single malt

Mumakore ekuma1960, Glenfiddich distillery yakaratidza kunzwisisa kukuru kwemusika uye yakasarudza kusiya tsika nekushambadzira waini dzavo muchimiro che "single malt". Kunyangwe whisky yakasanganiswa yaive yakanyanya kutungamira pamusika panguva iyoyo, danho iri idzva rakagadzira nzira yekukwira kwe single malt whiskey. Glenfiddich yakatengesa mabhokisi 11422 e single malt whiskey, uye pakazosvika 1970, kutengesa kwavo kwegore negore kwakanga kwapfuura mabhokisi 50000, zvichiita chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemusika wekutengesa kunze kwenyika weSunway uye ikava bhizinesi rinotungamira mu single malt whiskey.

Musika weChina uri kubudirira

Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, rudo rweChina kuScottish whisky rwakawedzera nekukurumidza, uye maitiro aya anotarisirwa kuramba achienderera mberi. Kunyangwe Baijiu iri iyo inonyanya kutonga mumusika wedoro wekuChina, vatengi vechidiki uye vane simba mune zvemari vari kutendeukira kuSolvay. Vatengi vekuChina vanofarira nhaka yenhoroondo yakakura yeSuwei uye hunyanzvi hwechinyakare. Vazhinji vanofarira whisky vanoda kubhadhara mari inodarika £150 pabhodhoro, vanopfuura 90% vavo vachitenda kuti single malt ndiyo doro remhando yepamusoro riri pamusika. Sekureva kwedata kubva kuChina Customs muna 2021, huwandu hwewhisky yekunotenga hwakawedzera ne43.9% gore negore, huchisvika 30.28 miriyoni malita, uye kukosha kwekunotenga kwakawedzera ne92%, kusvika 460 miriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica.